Genesis Chapter Ten. The Generations of The Sons of Noah

Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood.
[2] The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
[3] And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
[4] And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
[5] By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations.
[6] And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan.
[7] And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtecha: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.
[8] And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.
[9] He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD.
[10] And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.
[11] Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,
[12] And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city.
[13] And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,
[14] And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.
[15] And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth,
[16] And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite,
[17] And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,
[18] And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.
[19] And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou comest to Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, even unto Lasha.
[20] These are the sons of Ham, after their families, after their tongues, in their countries, and in their nations.
[21] Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.
[22] The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
[23] And the children of Aram; Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash.
[24] And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber.
[25] And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother’s name was Joktan.
[26] And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazar-maveth, and Jerah,
[27] And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
[28] And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,
[29] And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these were the sons of Joktan.
[30] And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.
[31] These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations.
[32] These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.

Commentary on Genesis Chapter Ten

As we step across the threshold of the propagation of the peoples of the earth found in this chapter there will emerge a pattern which will be repeated throughout the Scriptures. God is developing a line of revelation which centers upon the Christ and in doing so He will single out those matters, people, and events, which touch upon that line of revelation at a given time as they intersect that line. He then sets these aside to continue upon that singular, important, line of revelation until they once more become important regarding their relationship with the revelation of The Christ.

It is far too easy to get caught up in “chasing rabbits” down the preverbal “rabbit hole” should one forget this fact. The lure to do so is strong, particularly in chapters such as this one before us. This portion of Genesis is often referred to as the Table of Nations, for in it will be found the origins of all the great kingdoms of the earth which we study through Archeological quests, and careful sifting of the records of antiquity which we have available to us today.

God begins these records by dealing with those lines, which will be temporarily split from the main themes of revelation, before continuing on with the lineage of The Christ which is to come. It is written.

“Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood.
[2] The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
[3] And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.
[4] And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
[5] By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations.”

(Genesis 10:1-5)

God begins with The Gentiles. He begins with the “sons of Japeth“. From this son of Noah came the following ethnic groups which have been traced back to him by the diligent efforts of many conservative scholars. These listings are not going to be exhaustive nor all conclusive but rather will set the general pathways back to the origins of our ancestor, whoever they may be.

From Gomer came the following groups.

• The people who are of Gallic descent which includes the following.
  • The Germanic peoples of Western Europe.
  • The Franks and the Visigoths.
  • The Vandals.
  • The Teutonic peoples.
  • The Gauls
  • Austrians
  • Bavarians

From Magog, Tubal, and Meshech, came the following groups.

• The Scythians
• The Slavic peoples.
• The Russians
• The Bulgarians
• The Bohemians
• The Poles
• The Slovaks
• The Croatians

Out of Madai emerged the following groups.

• Those from India
• The Persians
• The Medes
• The Afghans
• The Kurds

Emerging from Javan were the following groups.

• The Greeks
• The Romans
• The French
• The Spanish
• The Portuguese
• The Italians

From Tiras we find the following groups.

• The Thracians
• The Eastern Germanic peoples
• The Scandinavians
• The Angles
• The Saxons
• The People of The English Isles and related ethnicities.

In a broad and general sense, these are the bloodlines which emerged from Japeth, the son of Noah. Note that the intent of these listings is to convey a sense of “who” ended up going “where” after the earth was divided due to events found in the next chapter of Genesis.

In line with this let us examine the ethnic groups that emerge from the second son of Noah mentioned which is that of Ham. Let me say at the outset that there has been a rather negative teaching which has, for years, circulated among some denominations of the church concerning this group that we ought to put to rest here and now. That teaching concerns the mark set upon Cain of chapters past, and the curse of Canaan of the previous chapter.

Far too many have made this teaching the basis of blatant racism and abuse against people based upon the color of one’s skin. It is incorrect to hold to such a position and before proceeding any further into the word of God we need to put this to rest. The mark placed upon Cain was specific to Cain in order that he might be identified by those who encountered him throughout his life. It did not extend unto any other descendants which came through the sons of Noah.

Concerning the curse upon Canaan, it can be noted that the language of Chapter nine is also very specific regarding the fact that the curse was upon Canaan and those who descend from him. It is wrong to use this as a means to discriminate against those who are descended from Ham due to the association of Ham and Caanan. As you will see, Ham had other sons as well as Canaan. Having said this let us examine the sons of Ham. It is written.

“And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan.
[7] And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtecha: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan.
[8] And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth.
[9] He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD.
[10] And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.
[11] Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,
[12] And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city.
[13] And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim,
[14] And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim.
[15] And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth,
[16] And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite,
[17] And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite,
[18] And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.
[19] And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou comest to Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, even unto Lasha.
[20] These are the sons of Ham, after their families, after their tongues, in their countries, and in their nations.

(Genesis 10:8-20)

The first of those to be mentioned are Cush. From him would come the following ethnic groups.

• Those who populated Africa.
  • The Ethiopians
  • The Libyans
  • The Sudanese
  • The Kenyans
  • The Zulus
• Embedded in the lineage of Cush, son of Ham, is a very important notation concerning a notorious figure in human history who is to be credited with the founding of one of the great kingdoms of the ancient world that will figure prominently throughout human history and the Scriptures in many ways. This one is called Nimrod and the kingdom he founded was none other than Ancient Babylon. The description of the location of this kingdom does not leave any doubt that it was the great kingdom founded in the Tigris Euphrates valley where Nimrod is said to have founded certain ancient cities which are verifiable today.

Among these is the city known as Erich in this text, which has been clearly identified as the city of Uruk located on the banks of the Euphrates River in modern day Iraq. Other prominent clues would be the founding of the cities of Babel, and Accad.

While I have listed the African people groups to be predominantly those which came of Cush, it is important to note that the time involved in the dispersal of those who left the ark was a great lengthy period. The first movement of the family of Noah was, in fact, from the mountains of Ararat down into the land of the ancient plain of a place known as Shinar. It is therefore most probable that what we read of Nimrod and his exploits occurred well before the migration into Africa took place.

Concerning those exploits it is to be understood that the “hunting” of Nimrod had nothing to do with stalking big game animals. It is held by many conservative scholars that Nimrod was a hunter of the souls of men. In past studies I have commented upon my belief that Nimrod of this passage equates to the great Gilgamesh of Ancient Babylonian record.

Both men are said to have founded the same city, that of Uruch, here called Erech. Both men were adamant about the lawless fashion in which they conducted their lives. Both men were said to have been associated with one who had survived the great flood sent by Divinity to destroy the world through means of an ark filled with animals. The link between Cush and Nimrod is obvious and that leads us back to Ham.

In the epic of Gilgamesh, which has been translated from ancient Akkadian, in the eleventh tablet it speaks of the encounter which Gilgamesh had with one called the “Utnapishtim” This was the one who had survived the great deluge in the fashion described. That name translates into the “Faraway “indicating that Gilgamesh had to travel to have this encounter. There are other comparisons that are to be made. They are too numerous to include here and would in fact be the subject of a separate series of studies. Let it suffice for me to say that both men were men who would be gods over their fellow men and in fact established the means to attempt to facilitate that goal.

The next name found on our list is that of Mizraim. This was the progenitor of those who dwelt throughout the coasts and borders of ancient Egypt. In fact, the Hebrew wording for ” Egypt” is almost a direct correlation with the name, Mizraim. In addition to this there is evidence which suggest that the people known as the Philistines, who plagued Israel for so many years are descendants of Mzram.

Now we have come that infamous grandson of Noah, Canaan. From this one emerged the following people groups noteworthy people.

• The Jebusites
• The Amorites
• The Girgasites
• The Hivites
• The Arkites
• The Sinites
• The Arvadite
• The Zemarite
• The  Hamathite

It is insightful to realize that the first mention in Scripture of the five cities of the plain, which we shall encounter a bit further on in Genesis, is here in verse 19 of this chapter. Among these are the familiar names of Sodom and Gomorrah. It is also insightful to understand that the peoples listed here as those who originated from Canaan are the same tribes which God will displace, and then eradicate from off the face of the earth, further on in Scripture. Two names which will become very familiar as we travel through Scriptures are those of the Amorites and the Jebusites which we see above. The Jebusites are those enemies of God which held the city that we now call Jerusalem until the forces of King David took it from them. The Amorites were a mighty people that were subdued by the armies of Israel after they emerged from Egypt.

A case can be made from careful study of these portions of Scripture for a lineal descent of behavior being played out for all to see. It is often referred to as “Culture or heritage” which has been handed down for thousands of years in some cases. The right to celebrate one’s heritage is certainly legitimate, however far too often the ancient cultures contain blatant, and obvious anti God and anti-Christ references and components which are never to be condoned. There are however right and just celebrations which are certainly to be marked in order to remind one of his ancient Christian riots and heritage.

Let us now turn our attention to the third son of Noah, that of Shem. It is written.

” Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.
[22] The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
[23] And the children of Aram; Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash.
[24] And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber.
[25] And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother’s name was Joktan.
[26] And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazar-maveth, and Jerah,
[27] And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah,
[28] And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba,
[29] And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these were the sons of Joktan.
[30] And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.
[31] These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations.
[32] These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.”

(Genesis 10:21-32)

From these peoples listed as the descendants of Shem one can discern that this people group occupied far less land after the migrations from the plains of Shinar occurred than either of the other two.

The mountains which were beyond the Tigris River, the Persian Gulf, The Black Sea and that land, which is called The Levant, form in part the borders of the Sons of Shem.

The tracing of the lineage of the sons of Shem leads to the discovery of leads us to the lands of the Arabs, Assyrians, and Syrians as we study Scripture. In closing this study of Thew word of God let us take note of the final words of this chapter. It is written.

“

These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations.
[32] These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.”

(Genesis 10:31-32)

A careful study of the contents of this chapter reveals that there are seventy nations which emerge here, exclusive of the mention of Nimrod of course. Of these seventy, fourteen are from Japeth, thirty come from the loins of Ham, and twenty-six may be traced unto Shem. Recognizing that the balance of power in the world of our day is magnificently different from that which was shown here ought to give us pause for thought and a new perspective upon the history of the ancients. It is at this point that we shall see the sad truth begin to emerge that even those who were so close to the demonstrated grace of God., as the sons of Noah were, were but sinful humans at their core. They failed to teach their progeny the things which they knew of God and what happens in the next chapter will display the result of such neglect.