
[1] And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations;
[2] That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar.
[3] All these were joined together in the vale of Siddim, which is the salt sea.
[4] Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
[5] And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim,
[6] And the Horites in their mount Seir, unto El-paran, which is by the wilderness.
[7] And they returned, and came to En-mishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar.
[8] And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar;) and they joined battle with them in the vale of Siddim;
[9] With Chedorlaomer the king of Elam, and with Tidal king of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings with five.
[10] And the vale of Siddim was full of slimepits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there; and they that remained fled to the mountain.
[11] And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went their way.
[12] And they took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.
[13] And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eschol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram.
[14] And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan.
[15] And he divided himself against them, he and his servants, by night, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus.
[16] And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people.
[17] And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at the valley of Shaveh, which is the king’s dale.
[18] And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God.
[19] And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth:
[20] And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all.
[21] And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself.
[22] And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lift up mine hand unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth,
[23] That I will not take from a thread even to a shoelatchet, and that I will not take any thing that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, I have made Abram rich:
[24] Save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.

Commentary on Genesis Chapter Fourteen
As we enter upon the history of the ancient world events found here, it would appear that this chapter is somewhat out of place in the Scriptural narrative . Until this point we have been observing the line of the families which will ultimately result in the earthly ministry of Jesus, The Messiah. Here we find the historical documentation of the first war recorded in the Bible. The kings which set about waging these campaigns number four. They are kings which dwell to the north of the fertile lands which are inhabited by the five cities of the plains that included Sodom and Gomorrah.
As do many of these ancient conflagrations , this one began with rebellion over an annual tribute, a tax if you will, that the subjects of Chedorlaomer had been required to deliver unto him for twelve years. In a rage of fury this king cobbles together an alliance with three other rulers who combine to form one massive army under his command. Of note to us among them there is one king in this text called Amraphel king of Shinar. In the study of Scripture, I often find that God’s people stumble over the lack of knowledge of the many names, which we find listed in a given chapter, because they seem to just be a needless record of people that we care nothing about. That is an unfortunate thing , for these names, like the names in the geneological records found throughout Scripture, are inportant in establishing the truth and accuracy of the Scriptures, as well as identifying the time frames for the existence of the individuals which are so very important in Biblical history.
One such name is Amraphel king of Shinar. For many years some scoffers doubted that this man even existed since there was , they would claim , “no extra biblical evidence” to document such existence. That claim is negated by the tracing back of the origin of this king who , by the way, just happens to be one of the most highly regarded figures in Ancient Sumerian history. The linguistics involved in such a tracing lead us to the name of The Ancient Law Giver, Ḫammurabi! It was he who codified the first set of laws into written form which today is known by those who study ancient history as the Code of Ḫammurabi!
In this chapter therefore we come face to face with the concept that Abram was in fact a contemporary of this man because we are told here that he made war against him! There is also evidence that this man , Ḫammurabi!, was in fact the Nimrod of Genesis ten. He is also therefore the central character in the famed Epic of Gilgamesh, for Nimrod and Gilgamesh are believed to be one and the same ! It all fits together if careful study is undertaken.
These things make for fascinating study in their own right, but what does this have to do with the ongoing revelation of God which is the central theme of The Scriptures? We encounter these wars because Lot, Abram’s kinsman, will be the cause of Abram being drawn into the frey as he attempts to rescue his nephew. We find Lot and his family now entrenched in the city of Sodom as we read this chapter. In setting the stage we find written the following.
“[1] And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations;
(Genesis 14:1-7)
[2] That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar.
[3] All these were joined together in the vale of Siddim, which is the salt sea.
[4] Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
[5] And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim,
[6] And the Horites in their mount Seir, unto El-paran, which is by the wilderness.
[7] And they returned, and came to En-mishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar.”
The success of the kings from the north is evident as you see the listing of the many peoples which they subdued before they even got to their intended targets! The course of attack was directly down a well known route in the Ancient World called the Kings Highway. This was perhaps the most well used trade route in that part of the world. The plunder attained by this approach would have been extensive and massively valuable.
As a defense strategy, it would appear that the five cities of the plain had sought to draw the armies of the north into the murky, boggy, slime pits, which were prevelent in the area between the two armies, and slaughter them as they bogged down in the mire of that land.
It did not work.
We are told the following.
“[8] And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar;) and they joined battle with them in the vale of Siddim;
(Genesis 14:8-20)
[9] With Chedorlaomer the king of Elam, and with Tidal king of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings with five.
[10] And the vale of Siddim was full of slimepits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there; and they that remained fled to the mountain.”
It is now told unto us why all of these things are recorded here. Among the spoils of war, which woud have been added to the vast treasure trove that was accumulated along the way , these four victorious kings took the spoils that Sodom and Gomorrah and the other cities of the plain held. Among these were several people who would be either sold or made slaves of the kings who were victorious. One of these was Lot, Abram’s kinsman.
It is written.
“12] And they took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.
( Genesis 14:12-13)
[13] And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eschol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram.”
Let us remember that the only reason Lot was there was his lust and greedy desire to expand his holdings as we saw when he chose what appeared to be the best part of the land for himself to the exclusion of Abram. How gracious is the action of Abram in the following verses where we find written;
“14] And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan.
(Genesis 14:14-16)
[15] And he divided himself against them, he and his servants, by night, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus.
[16] And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people.
Two things stand out here. The first is that Abram must have been a very wealthy man to be able to mount an army of the servants from within his own household. Also, as you read carefully the account of his involvement in this war it becomes apparent that Abram, who was in his mid eighties by most accounts , was a master strategist. He defeated the kings which five combined armies could not stop, and he did so with a vastly smaller numerical force of soldiers!
Knowing the things we have looked at is important. It grants unto us the greater abillity to grasp what we are about to observe as Abram encounters two different figures while making his way home. One of these will place a great temptation in the path of Abram. The other I believe to be God Himself who has come to commune with Abram. It is written before us.
“[17] And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at the valley of Shaveh, which is the king’s dale.
(Genesis 14:17-21)
[18] And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God.
[19] And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth:
[20] And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. And he gave him tithes of all.
[21] And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself.”
Here we first meet a most mysterious character named Melchizedek. He does not show up in too many other places in the Scriptures , yet I hold Him to be of the utmost importance when read the Bible. He is mentioned in only one other Old Testament Passage which is Messianic by nature. In Psalms 110 verse four we find this written.
“The LORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.”
(Psalms 110:4)
I would suggest reading that entire Psalm to grasp this Messianic character of what is there. There is much to say in the New Testament concerninig this mystarious one which can be found in The Epistle to the Hebrews. The seventh chapter in particular speaks of Him. In that passage we discover the following things concerning Him.
- He is called the Priest of The Most High God again (Hebrews 7:1)
- He is called The King of Righteousnes ( Hebrews 7:2)
- He is referred to as The King of Peace ( Hebrews 7:2)
- Abram gave a tenth of all which he had acquired during this war.( Hebrews 7:2)
- He was without Father or Mother (Hebrews 7:3)
- He had no record of descent, that is He had no Geneological record, (Hebrews 7:3)
- He had no beginning of days (Hebrews 7:3)
- He had no end of life ( Hebrews 7:3)
- He was not from the tribe of Levi! (Hebrews 7:9-10)
This listing is only a partial enumeration of what is spoken of this “man” whom Abram encountered. This is a Priest of The High God who appears long before the law under which the priesthood pertaining to Israel under Moses was created. Yet He is titled, and recognized by Abram to be, The Priest of The Most High God. What man could meet all of these characteristics? The obvious answer is none! This is God , in the form of a preincarnate apppearance of Jesus Christ!
Look at the passages relating to this encounter closely and you will see that Melchizedek comes forth to meet Abram bringing the elements of communnion, which were used in the last supper recorded in The New Testament Gospel Accounts , which were bread and wine! Also note that it was Melchizedek which first encountered Abram. The second encounter, with the king of Sodom, was nothing like this first meeting. To understand what was going on here it is important to grasp the following.
It was customary in the days of these events for those who had triumphed in battle to divide the spoils which had been acquired among themselves as they saw fit. This did include people taken captive as well as all else. Knowing that such was the expected custom , The king of Sodom attempted to assert his claim to a portion of the loot, but also shrewdly set forth a proposition which revealed his debauched character. It is written.
“[21] And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself.
(Genesis 14:21-24)
[[21] And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself.
[22] And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lift up mine hand unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth,
[23] That I will not take from a thread even to a shoelatchet, and that I will not take any thing that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, I have made Abram rich:
[24] Save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.
[24] Save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.
The King of Sodom wanted the people for nefarious purposes more than he wanted the wealth which was signified by all of the gold , silver, and precious stone or other items within the booty. The filthy, debased, abuse and misuse of people in the history of the five cities of the plains is legendary. Some have said it is beyond comprehenion of the civilized mind. What is before us is something akin to that damnable practice of human trafficking which we fight in this our day. The temptation, which would have been made even more alluring by the presence of the great horde of spoils right before Abram, could very easily have caused a lesser man to cave to such a proposition.
Yet this was God’s man who but a few moments ago we found in close communion with God Himself. The disdain which Abram rightly displayed by refusing this proposition in the way he did was more than warranted. He wanted nothing to do with the Sodomites then or in the future. Recognizing that taking anything, anything at all, from this evil monarch would taint his reputation, by allowing the king of Sodom to claim that he had made Abram wealthy, was enough for Abram to vehemently refuse this offer. Let us be aware that in refusing this deal Abram was affirming his reliance upon, and faith in, The High God. It is written.
“[21] And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself.
(Genesis 14:21-24)
[22] And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lift up mine hand unto the LORD, the most high God, the possessor of heaven and earth,
[23] That I will not take from a thread even to a shoelatchet, and that I will not take any thing that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, I have made Abram rich:
[24] Save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion.”
Here is the secret of the magnificent character of Abram. He was beginning to trust The High God for all which he would receive in this life and not depend upon himself or others. This is a lesson that far too many Christians today never grow to understand as they walk through this life. As surely as Abram depended upon God for these things , we too who are the spiritual descendants of Abraham, ought to lean hard upon God who promises to meet our needs and desires through His magnificent supply!



















